Substantiation of methods for researching the processes of energy and mass exchange in the system "soil - seed - plant - ground air"

One of the most important tasks of the economic development of the Russian Federation is to increase the quantity and improve the quality of agricultural production on the basis of the latest advances in science and technology. The efficiency of agricultural production is determined by the interaction of technological and organizational processes with biological objects and their habitat. This paper shows that the processes of energy and mass exchange in the system «soil - seed - plant - ground air» are the basis of the development of seeds and plants in the production of crop production. To this end, the prospects of using basic concepts of thermodynamics, transfer processes, Poisson and Laplace equations to develop methods for investigating energy and mass exchange processes in this system were analysed. The legality of this approach is shown in the study of the influence of temperature, hydrogen index (pH = const) and type of electroactivated water on the rate of its absorption by seeds. As a result of the experiment, it was shown that with the increase in the temperature of the electroactivated water from 25 °C to 40 °C, the rate of its absorption by the catholite increased 1,6 times as much as anolyte. The seed surface was also found to have a negative charge. The relevance of the development of methods of research of physical properties of soil in order to ensure optimal conditions of seed germination and in connection with the study of the causes of their low field germination is shown. It has been experimentally established that the dependence of soil moisture on depth is sufficiently well tested by quadratic dependence and has a maximum in the range of depths of 25-45 cm. The results of the work can be used in the development of research methods for seed quality control, assessment of soil climatic conditions of cultivation and monitoring of crops during their development.