General and specific prevention of infectious diseases in cattle

Diseases of young cattle that occur with diarrhea and respiratory syndrome happen under the influence of various factors and have a complex etiological and pathogenic nature, which is caused by various microorganisms, viruses, including fungi and protozoa. In some cases, they have a complex etiological nature, and often the disease is complicated by violations of animals feeding and keeping hygiene, a decrease in the reactivity of the body. Along with the General symptoms of clinical manifestations of the disease (loss of appetite, fever, emaciation, and others), there are typical symptoms concentrated in the respiratory and digestive organs. Numerous studies have found that the appearance and spread of infectious diseases in the early postnatal period in calves is associated with the peculiarities of the formation of their immunity. So, in the neonatal period gastro-intestinal diseases are mainly observed, and in older suckling period, respiratory diseases are typical. It should be remembered that cows have desmopressina placenta, preventing the passage of immunoglobulin into the blood of the fetus, therefore, for protection against pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora feeding calves should be started as early as possible: no later than two hours after birth. Colostrum immunoglobulins penetrating through the intestinal wall into the blood of a newborn animal, perform the function of normal and specific antibodies, which undoubtedly depends on the immune status of the mother. The studies have found that in calves that have not received timely colostrum, after 2-3 hours a conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic microflora begins to multiply in the gastrointestinal tract freely, and the first clinical symptoms of the disease appear. Acquired immunoglobulins in newborn calves are gradually destroyed, and with age in young there is a second peak of immunodeficiency.