Russian legislation and law development of the North Caucasus. (1850 – 1860 th.)

The article gives the information of the first legislative acts on the territory of the North Caucasian republics. The North Caucasus people did not divide crimes into criminal and civil ones. The notion of " crime" did not coincide with the one adopted by the general laws of Russia. Crimes of the mountaineers are the betrayal of the Motherland patricide, incest, and adultery by women, treachery and cowardice, refusal of hospitality, theft and violation of the personal integrity of the princes. All others did not fit the crime, and allowed for a strong law and the rules of engagement. Law enforcement authorities in the North Caucasian people were substitute by the right for tribal revenge and rules of engagement, and justice - retribution or peace agreement. The article reveals the possibility of the optimal reform of state institutions of the North Caucasus in the general system of civil society.