Review of methods for ensuring stable dental position during the retention period of orthodontic treatment

The retention period is the most important stage of orthodontic treatment aimed at maintaining a stable dental position and preventing relapse after completion of active therapy. The article presents the theoretical foundations of retention, examines the biological mechanisms of stabilization of the maxillary system, and provides an overview of modern methods of ensuring stability - removable, non-removable, and combined retention devices, as well as innovative digital technologies. Special attention is paid to comparing the effectiveness of various techniques, analyzing the factors influencing the sustainability of results, and practical aspects of using retailers in clinical practice. Based on the analysis of clinical data and scientific publications, recommendations have been formulated to improve the effectiveness of the retention period. The results obtained confirm the need for an integrated approach combining biological, technical and behavioral aspects, which reduces the risk of recurrence and ensures long-term stability of orthodontic treatment.