Review of the state and perspective directions of development of rural electric networks of 0.4 kV

The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state of rural 0.4 kV power grids, identify existing problems and determine promising areas of development to improve the reliability and energy efficiency of electricity supply to rural consumers. The method of review and analysis of existing problems of rural power supply systems was used. The state of 0.4 kV power networks in the Orel region was analyzed. It is revealed that only 50% of rural 0,4 kV lines comply with the PUE norms in terms of permissible length, and 43% of lines are made with bare aluminum wires with a cross-section of 25 mm2. The low level of automation and digitalization of rural power grids, as well as the prevalence of dead-end radial power supply schemes were noted. The principles and technical solutions for configuration control of 0,4 kV power networks, including the use of multi-contact switching systems, monitoring and dispatching systems, as well as controlled switching devices are considered. It is concluded that it is necessary to modernize rural power grids with the use of intelligent technologies to improve their reliability, controllability and energy efficiency.