Overview of decarbonization technologies for thermal and electric energy production

The article presents an overview of foreign and domestic technologies of decarbonization of thermal and electrical energy. These technologies are developing more progressively abroad. The technological leader in reducing carbon dioxide emissions is the United States. The most promising solution in this direction is the use of oxygen-fuel power plants of a new generation, among which Allam Cycle is implemented, as well as SCOC-CC, E-MATIANT, NET Power cycle, Graz cycles, CES cycle. There are SSUS technologies that include technologies for capturing carbon dioxide, transporting it by ship or pipeline, using it as a resource to create valuable products, as well as burial deep underground in geological formations. Of the 27 CCUS projects implemented in the world, 78 % are related to methods of increasing oil recovery, and 67 % are projects with direct state participation or incentives. A promising direction to reduce carbon dioxide emissions is the use of fuel cells. Fuel Cell Energy (USA) is practically a monopolist in the large-scale production of molten carbonate fuel cells. Their active developments are in Japan, South Korea, and the USA. Decarbonization technologies with complete removal of carbon dioxide have not been implemented on the territory of the Russian Federation. The decarbonization policy is carried out only through the introduction of carbon dioxide capture processes by various materials. The article presents a summary table of decarbonization technologies implemented both abroad and in Russia. The main advantages of technologies, their disadvantages, implementation and ways of financing are indicated.