Assessment of adaptive and productive characteristics of promising spring triticale lines

Field and laboratory studies on the study of promising lines of spring triticosecale (X Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus) were conducted on the basis of the Center for Plant Breeding in 2021-2023 in the fields of the Belgorod State Agrarian University named after V.Ya. Gorin. The material for the research was 8 promising lines of spring triticale breeding of the Belgorod State Agricultural University. The Ukro variety was used as a standard. Field experiments in all the years of the study were based on the soybean precursor with a seeding rate of 5.0 million germinating seeds per hectare, the area of the plot is 25 m2 in 6-fold repetition. The purpose of the research is to assess the productivity of spring triticale lines according to a complex of economically valuable signs and properties, as well as to identify the most adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the Central Chernozem region. The yield of spring triticale lines varied significantly depending on the agro-climatic conditions of the year and the genotype. The conducted studies revealed breeding lines No. 203 (2.88 t/ha), No. 102 (3.00 t/ha), No. 199 (3.15 t/ha) forming the highest level of grain yield (CV = 0.9-1.6%), characterized by a high specific adaptive ability to adverse conditions. Line No. 199 (Saur × Tornado) has been identified, which is a spring-winter hybrid characterized by high productivity over the years of research (3.15 t/ha) combined with a high protein content (15.54%) and an average level of falling number (147.80 seconds). Line No. 199 (Saur × Tornado) is highly adaptable to extreme cultivation conditions. The screening of the lines made it possible to identify sources of an increased falling number in grain, which is especially important for spring triticale. The lines No. 222 (166.1 seconds) and No. 102 (161.0 seconds) were identified as sources of an increased falling number (150-190 seconds); with increased protein content in grain - No. 236 (16.05%), and No. 203 (15.63%).