Assessment of the anthropogenic impact on the ecosystems of the Urus-Martanovsky nature reserve (Chechen Republic) and measures for its optimization

The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of the structure and main components of the landscapes of the Urus-Martanovsky natural biological reserve of the Chechen Republic, which have developed over the 50 years of the existence of protected areas. To assess the degree of anthropogenic impact on the ecosystems of the reserve, data from field observations, as well as aerospace images, were used. The contribution of the intensive development of settlements located within the reserve to the transformation of its natural complexes is estimated. It is noted that a significant area of the border areas of the reserve is subject to a high level of anthropogenic transformation and does not fulfill its environmental functions, in accordance with the provisions on protected areas. Based on the results of the study, measures are proposed for optimizing the territory of the reserve and corresponding changes in existing borders. An updated map of the borders of the reserve has been prepared, lists of protected species of plants and animals have been compiled.