The assessment of bioenergetic efficiency of winter wheat cultivars growing in the Middle Volga region

The basis of energy efficiency of winter wheat cultivars was to obtain the maximum yield per hectare with the lowest energy costs. The study of bioenergetic efficiency of cultivation of five varieties of winter soft wheat (Povolzhskaya Niva, Povolzhskaya 86, Povolzhskaya Nadezhda (transferred to the state variety testing in 2018), Erythrospermum 3730, Erythrospermum 3765) for the period 2017-2019 was made. The calculation of the main bioenergetic indicators for the cultivation of zoned varieties (Povolzhskaya Niva and Povolzhskaya 86) and promising varieties (Povolzhskaya Nadezhda, Erythrospermum 3730 and Erythrospermum 3765) of competitive variety testing was performed. The analysis of the obtained data showed that bioenergetic efficiency depended on weather conditions during the research years. Both for zoned and prospective varieties, high yield was obtained in favorable weather conditions in 2017 - from 4.9 to 5.6 t / hectare, and accordingly, the bioenergetics coefficient for the varieties was from 3.38 to 4.0 In harsh conditions of 2019, promising varieties were distinguished in terms of yield and from 2.9 to 3.1 t/hectare. The energy efficiency coefficient was 1.59-1.77. The data obtained showed the potential of promising varieties from energy point of view, since the energy content of products exceeded the cost of its production. The introduction of new more productive varieties of winter wheat into production will reduce the energy of consumption per unit of production and increase the energy efficiency of winter wheat cultivation. To increase economic efficiency of cultivating winter wheat varieties, it is necessary to use bioenergetic capability of new varieties.