Evaluation of phenotypic characteristics of winter garlic forms based on agriculturally valuable traits in Western Siberia

Relevance. Garlic is grown almost everywhere in spring and winter forms. The soil and climatic conditions of winter garlic cultivation zones are different and require varieties that are able to realize their biological potential to the maximum extent in the proposed conditions. Local plant material may have special properties as a result of adaptation to local agro-ecological conditions, and conservation of such material can increase the biodiversity of collections. The study of winter garlic forms based on a set of economically valuable traits isolated from populations of the Omsk, Kemerovo regions and the Altai Territory is relevant for the West Siberian region. Materials and Methods. The research was conducted on the territory of the Scientific and Practical Laboratory "Gardening" of the educational and experimental farm of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Omsk State Agrarian University in 2022- 2025. The objects of the study were samples of local populations of winter garlic of the Omsk, Kemerovo regions and the Altai Territory. Results. Phenotypic evaluation of the plant height feature revealed forms 04-22, 11-23, 12-23 and TM-22, this indicator exceeds the meter mark by 2-17 cm. Forms 03-22, 07-22, 08-22, 15-24 and DD-22 are low-growing, the height ranged from 81 to 87 cm. The diameter of the garlic bulb varies from 4.0 to 5.4 cm, the largest ones are in the forms 08-22, 09-22, 15/24 and TM-22. An average direct relationship was noted between the bulb diameter and the yield, the correlation coefficient was 0.6. Forms 12-23, 15-24, DB-22 and TM-22 are marked by a small number of large cloves - 6 pieces in a bulb, forms 01-22 and 11-23 have 9-12 small cloves. Forms 08-22, 09-22, 12-23, 15-24 and TM-22 can be recommended as sources of high productivity, this indicator was 13.14-15.96 t/ha. Conclusion. Based on the results of the assessment of economically valuable traits winter garlic forms 08-22, 09-22 and TM-22 were identified and recommended for participation in the further selection process.