Assessment of introgressive forms of winter soft wheat for resistance to brown and stem rust

The aim of the research was to identify disease-resistant samples of the VIR collection for their further use in the selection work of the Omsk Agricultural Research Center (ARC). The task of assessing introgressive forms of winter soft wheat by some valuable characteristics (disease resistance, winter hardiness, vegetation period, productivity) was determined. The object of research was collectible samples of winter soft wheat obtained with the involvement of Aegilops tauschii, Triticum monococcum, Tritium timopheevii, Secale cerealae in 2019–2020. Introgressive forms were characterized by early earing in comparison with the standard variety Omsk 4 (the difference is 1–5 days) in our conditions. According to winter hardiness, the samples KS96WGRC39 and KS96WGRC36 with values close to the standard (55–58 %) are distinguished. The numbers KS91WGRC11, KS92WGRC16, KS96WGRC34, and KS92WGRC19 had a winter hardiness of 50 %, which was within the NSR. In terms of productivity, the collection samples were mostly inferior to the standard, but unreliable declines were noted for the numbers KS96WGRC34 and KS96WGRC39. The assessment of resistance to brown and stem rust was carried out in laboratory and field conditions. Samples KS91WGRC11, KS96WGRC36 and KS96WGRC39 were the most resistant to both diseases. The forms KS96WGRC34 and KS92WGRC16 with good indicators of field resistance are also distinguished. All of the above collection numbers are recommended for inclusion in hybridization in the selection of winter wheat in the region. It is important to note that the studied material of winter wheat contained, in contrast to spring wheat, other effective genes for resistance to brown rust. Fixing such genes in the new breeding material will not allow uniformity in the overall protection of wheat from this disease in the region.