Assessment of the environmental plasticity of varieties and lines of spring soft wheat as part of the Kazakhstan-Siberian network program

Variety samples of spring soft wheat from the KASIB nursery were evaluated in the forest-steppe area of the Novosibirsk Region (Siberian Research Institute of Plant Cultivation and Breeding - Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoobsk) and the southern forest-steppe of the Omsk Region (Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center, Omsk) for ecological plasticity and stability in 2019. The parameters of ecological plasticity were calculated following the method by R.A. Udachin and A.V. Golovochenko. Weather conditions varied significantly according to geographical features. In the forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Region there were uneven precipitations and temperature fluctuation in the second half of the growing season. Meteorological conditions in the southern forest-steppe were also contrasting: the first half of the growing season was cool and rainy; in the second half of the summer, the weather was hot and dry. The duration of the growing season for varieties and lines varied between 74 and 88 days on the experimental field of the Siberian Research Institute of Plant Cultivation and Breeding - Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and from 78 to 89 days at the Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center. The difference in the length of the growing season between points was from one to four days. The study revealed samples intended for cultivation using intensive and semi-intensive technologies - Astana 2, Lutescens 2026, Omskaya 35 and Terzia. In these varieties and lines, the intensity coefficient was higher than 19.16. Varieties with good adaptive capacity were identified - Pamyati Azieva, Astana 2, Omskaya 35 and Lutescens 2149, which can be used as a starting material in breeding programs for ecological plasticity and stability. The highest yields when sowing in two study points were observed in the lines Lutescens 2026 - 35.6 q/ha (Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center) and 42.7 q/ha (Siberian Research Institute of Plant Cultivation and Breeding - Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences) and Lutescens 2149 - 33.8 and 41.1 q/ha, as well as the variety Omskaya 35 - 33.6 and 39.6 q/ha.