Evaluation of responsiveness of promising winter wheat varieties to the intensity of cultivation technology

The purpose of the research is to identify impact of cultivation technologies on the yield of new winter wheat varieties Yermolovka and Izumrud Dubovitsky. The research was conducted in 2021-2022 on the experimental fields of JSC ‘Shchelkovo Agrochim’. The precursor was soy beans. The objects of the research were cultivation technologies of winter wheat of different intensity and varieties. The traditional technology (technology 1) is the main application of diammophoska from autumn (300 l/ha), double fertilization with ammonium nitrate (155 kg/ha before sowing, 150 kg/ha in the 29th phase). Technology of JSC ‘Shchelkovo Agrohim’ (technology 2) is the main application from autumn DAFC (300 l/ha), fertilization with ammonium nitrate (150 kg/ha before sowing, 150 kg/ha in the 29th phase), fertilization on the flag leaf with urea 30 kg/ha and magnesium sulphate 3 kg/ha. Technology of high yields (technology 3) is the main application of diammophoska (600 l/ha) from autumn, fertilization with ammonium nitrate (150 kg/ha before sowing, 150 kg/ha in 25th phase, 150 kg/ha in 29th phase), fertilization with urea 50 kg/ha + magnesium sulphate 5 kg/ha in 33-36 phase; 30 kg/ha urea + magnesium sulphate 3 kg/ha fertilisation in 39-43 phase; 3 30 kg/ha urea fertilisations in 49-53 phase; 70-71 phase and 73-77 phase. The repetition of the experiment is threefold. The plots were systematically arranged in three tiers. The sowing area of the plot was 120 m2, the accounting area was 100 m2. Sowing of winter wheat was carried out at the end of the 2nd decade of September with a VADERSTAD Spirit 9000Sc seeder with a seeding rate of 5.1 million seeds/ha. The grain yield was measured by combine harvester AKROS 585 by division with subsequent weighing and conversion to 14% grain moisture and 100% purity. The use of high yield technology in trials showed an increase to the traditional technology from 11.4% (Yermolovka) to 31.8% (Izumrud Dubovitsky) depending on the variety and conditions of external factors. The increase of indicators on the main components of productivity on the technology with the maximum amount of applied nutrients is clearly traceable.