Evaluation of pea varieties from the all-Russian institute of plant industry collection by yield in the Middle Urals

Research was conducted in 2017-2019 at the Krasnoufimsky Breeding Center (Ural Science & Research Institute of Agriculture, Branch of the Ural Federal Agrarian Science & Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences - hereafter UrSRIA) in a stationary ten-field crop rotation on dark gray forest soil, the predecessor was rapeseed for herbage. Object of the research were 165 pea samples from the collection of the N.I. Vavilov Research Institute of Plant Industry, as well as local breeding material. The collection material was divided into three morphological groups. The control samples, which comprised varieties that are included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation, were planted every 9 units: Marafon (UrSRIA) for leafy forms, Krasnoufimsky 11 (UrSRIA) for leafless form, and Spartak (Scientific Center of Legumes and Groat Crops) for the “chameleon” morphotype. In the experiment, the highest seed yielding capacity was observed in the German leafless variety Salamanca in 2017 with 410.7 g/m2. However, in 2018this sample reduced the analyzed indicator by more than 3 times as the leading position was occupied by the leafy long-stemmed variety Annushka with 232.0 g/m2, while in 2019 and on average for three years the Ukrainian leafy variety Blagodatny stood out (429.5 g/m2 and 326.2 g/m2, respectively). In the group of varieties with the “chameleon” morphotype, despite the shortened stem (52-66 cm), there is no sample that has increased resistance to lodging; the samples AZ-95-464 and AZ-96-637 (Russia) were distinguished by a relatively high protein content of seeds (23.3 and 24.4%, respectively). The smallest lesions of leaves with ascochytosis (13%) were observed in the foreign samples Krasnogradsky 9 (Ukraine) and Salamanca (Germany). The most valuable sources of increased yield under the condition of the Sverdlovsk Region are the Russian varieties with the highest GEBVi, i.e. Annushka, Vozrozhdeni, Kumir, AZ-96-637 and Krasongradsky 9 (Ukraine). The varieties Annushka and AZ-96-637 have already been selected as seed parents for crossing.