Evaluation of economically valuable traits of spring bread wheat landraces from Altay region

Landraces of spring bread wheat included into VIR collection during expeditions to Altai in 1920-1930 can served by valuable genetic sources of alleles of genes of adaptability and high grain quality. The purpose of the research was to study the landraces of spring bread wheat from Altai region and select the sources of agronomic traits for wheat breeding. In 2021-2023 on small experimental field of Omsk SAU 13 varieties of spring bread wheat from Altai were compared to modern varieties studied using field and laboratory methods. The main differences between the landraces and modern varieties of wheat were observed on yield and its components: the grains number per spike were below this trait of standards by 11-42%, the grains weight per spike lower by 18-54%, yield lower by 20-67%. The height of studied varieties varied from 83 to 102 cm with a low attraction of nutrients in the grain (harvest index 22.3-38.5%). Samples of landraces had higher protein and gluten content (17.1-22.0% and 35.9-44.9%). In this aspect they advisable to attract modern varieties to the gene pool to improve their nutritional properties. It is recommended to use as starting material for development of high-quality modern wheat varieties: Goluha (k-26446), NOE (k-23327), Golokoloska (k-26515), k-23320, k-22687, Beloturka (k-26464). Samples of the middle early group had an advantage in the anthesis phase on total roots length, area, and volume: 63.6-77.4 cm; 16.2-20.6 cm2; 0.41-0.58 cm. Samples with well-developed root system were identified, which had more stable yield values and recommended as starting material for increasing drought tolerance of wheat varieties: Golokolosaya Belokoloska (k-23317) - 147 g/m2, Goluha (k-26446) - 108 g/m2, NOE (k-23327) - 138 g/m2, Golokoloska (k-26515) -163 g/m2, and sample from mid-ripening group k-23320-206 g/m2.