Assessment of fluoride contamination in the system "agricultural land - plants - milk" in the zone of industrial influence of Krasnoyarsk aluminum plant (JSC "RUSAL Krasnoyarsk")

Emissions from aluminum industry are a source of environmental pollution, including agricultural lands. Krasnoyarsk aluminum plant (JSC "RUSAL Krasnoyarsk") is a "giant" of aluminum industry, the main component of which is the emission of fluorine and its compounds. Fluoride (Fluorum) is chemical element of group 7 of Mendeleev periodic system of elements. Fluorine belongs to Halogens, the atomic weight is 18.9984. In a free state under normal conditions it is a diatomic gas, F2. All the Halogens in free state are oxidants, the most pow-erful of them is fluoride. According to State Stand-ard 17.4.1.02-83 fluorine belongs to the first class of danger. The relevance of the study lies in the environmental assessment of agricultural lands adjacent to the territory of "RUSAL Krasnoyarsk". These lands are objects of agricultural use for culti-vation of vegetables and row crops and the area of grazing cattle. The accumulation of water-soluble fluoride in the contaminated territories has its nega-tive impact on the environment. The degree of con-tamination of agricultural lands with fluoride primari-ly depends on the distance between the source of contamination and reference areas, namely the location of the reference sites in relation to the wind rose; granulometric composition and degree of hu-mus content of soils. A differentiated approach in the cultivation of root crops (beet and carrot) and herbal crops: awnless brome, and forbs (green mass, hay). In the samples of raw milk of cows grazing in the areas with moderate to high contam-ination of fluoride, there is the excess of MPC in 1.6-2.3 times and the consumption of such milk is not acceptable.