Loneliness and suicidal behavior: historical aspect and definitions. Part II: Forms and typology of pools and whirlpools of loneliness

Loneliness (hereinafter referred to as L) is not directly included in the extensive (expanding) set of risk factors in models of suicidal behavior (SB), but represents a growing clinical and social public health problem worldwide. The second chapter of this Review clarifies the definitions, forms, and typology of L, useful for understanding it and for scientific and practical purposes, drawing on illustrative material, primarily from fiction and self-descriptions, within the framework of a qualitative analysis. Lonelyness is presented as part of a continuum of socio-psychological (shaping the "normal" subject), existential, and potentially suicidogenic clinical conditions in their development.