Seeding operation - a key element of creation of crop technologies of the sixth technological paradigm

Currently, the problem in crop production is the lag in the growth of crop yields from the growth in costs of their production, which limits the efficiency of this industry. Domestic agriculture is in the conditions of the need for a technological breakthrough, facilitating the transition from the third and fourth levels, bypassing the fifth, immediately to the sixth technological paradigm. The sixth level of the technological paradigm in crop production provides for the creation of such technologies that fully ensure the realization of the productivity potential of cultivated plants. Technical means of providing crop technologies of this paradigm must meet the strictest technical and economic requirements. The parameters and operating modes of machine-tractor units must be optimized for a number of indicators. The technological operation responsible for creating conditions for the life of plants is mechanized sowing. However, currently there is a contradiction between the requirements of plants for the conditions of harvest production and parameters, modes of operation of sowing machines. The purpose of the research was to substantiate and experimentally prove the prospects for increasing the efficiency of the crop production through managing the processes of realizing the productivity potential of cereal and row crops using improved sowing machines due to the formation of the optimal size and shape of the plant nutrition area for a given crop. The objects of research were sowing machines, sowing technologies and varieties of winter wheat and sunflower. Sowing was carried out with improved seeders to create the optimal size and shape of the plant nutrition area. The increase in the yield of grain crops and row crops varied widely (from 10 to 61%), and the better the hydrothermal conditions of the cultivation year, the higher the increase. The experiments have shown the fundamental possibility of controlling the processes of realizing the productivity potential by influencing the mechanisms of sink-source relations between the vegetative and reproductive organs of plants by setting the appropriate parameters and operating modes of the sowing machine.