Opposition political parties as actors of the modern political process in Russia

The article attempts to prove that in modern conditions political parties can still legitimately claim to be the acting force of the political opposition. The exercise of this right is possible under certain institutional conditions. In an institutional environment dominated by closed or semi-closed channels of power formation, where direct and feedback links between society and government are difficult, political opposition can be called any socially organized or unorganized form of disagreement. Most often, the political opposition is presented in the form of a broad socio-political movement. The legal party opposition is formed at the stage of transition from a closed political system to an open one, arises and develops in conditions of increasing complexity of political design. Other important factors influencing the subjectivity of political parties as a political opposition are a certain type of party system and the form of government.