The experience of modeling the influence of factors characterizing the territory of leave on the scale of commuting

The aim of the study was to analyze the features of the territory of leave that affect commuting. In the theoretical part of the article, a review is made of studies devoted to the analysis of factors influencing different types of migration, namely those movements of individuals that involve moving to a new permanent place of residence, and those that are expressed in periodic movements between the place of residence of an individual and their place of work. In the second part of the study, an empirical analysis of commuting using econometric methods was performed. Based on the data of the 2020 All-Russian Population Census, the proportion of commuting in the structure of the employed population of the constituent entity for all regions was selected as a dependent variable in the construction of a regression model. Variables such as the total land area of the constituent entity, the number of municipal districts, cities, inner-city districts and city okrugs, the proportion of the territory of the constituent entity in the total territory of the federal district, the average population of rural settlements and the commissioning of apartments, the coefficient of tension in the labor market, the proportion of paved roads in the total length of public roads, household consumer spending on education, general marriage rates and the percentage of unemployed among the urban population. In addition to the general commuting, models for intraregional and interregional labor migration were built. The set of significant variables for both types turned out to be the same (the total land area of the constituent entity, the number of inner-city districts and city okrugs, the share of the territory of the constituent entity in the total territory of the federal district, the average population of rural settlements and the commissioning of apartments, the coefficient of tension in the labor market, the share of paved roads in the total length of public roads, the average age of the unemployed); however, the nature of the relationship turned out to be multidirectional. The study of these factors contributes to the development of the theoretical foundations of the study of commuting, and is also of practical importance, since in the future it can serve as a basis for the development of effective strategies for managing human resources and socio-economic development of regions. The results of the study can be used to optimize employment policy, improve the working and living conditions of pendulum migrant workers, as well as to take measures to reduce the negative consequences of commuting.