Organization of medical services at Ural nuclear industries in the years 1945-1960

The article highlights one of the little-known pages of the implementation of the blighty nuclear project, the content of which was its medical support. On the basis of declassified and first introduced into scientific circulation sources, including archival materials, it is shown the creation of a specialized medical service at the country's first nuclear plant - the Mayak chemical plant, where during the start-up and development of a new production an extremely dangerous radiation environment for health developed, operating personnel and the environment. The authors come to the conclusion that thanks to the efficient medical service system created in a short time, control over the health and treatment of nuclear scientists, the heroic efforts of medical workers, they managed to avoid great human losses and successfully complete tasks of paramount national importance for the development of atomic energy on an industrial scale .