Basic concepts and impact ways of geomagnetic storm on power system (part II)

In northern power systems there are specific problems following with natural settings - impact of the geomagnetic storm caused by solar wind, flow of the charged particles with the magnetic field influencing magnetic field of the Earth. The most noticeable external manifestation of such processes is aurora. The earth surface electric fields cause EMFs and currents in transmission lines of power system. These processes lead to system mode violations and cause outages. The work introduces the origins of such processes and types of their impact on power system. It is emphasized that such researches are especially important for Russia as more than a quarter of its territory belongs to the Arctic especially subject to influence of geomagnetic storm. Besides, shift of North magnetic Pole from northern coast of Canada towards the Taimyr Peninsula strengthens over time such impacts on power industry of the North of Russia.The work consists of two parts. The overview of the known violations caused by geomagnetic storm is provided and geomagnetically induced currents estimates of northern nodes for one power supply system are given in the second part.