Fundamentals of designing compensating electroinductive spherical electric field strength sensors

This work aims to develop a theoretical foundation for the construction of dual, single-component, compensation- type inductive electric field strength sensors. The development of such sensors is aimed at improving the accuracy of measurements and monitoring of low-frequency electric field strength levels in areas where highand ultra-high-voltage equipment operates, ensuring the safety and comfort of their maintenance personnel. Therefore, this work is highly relevant. The compensation-type sensor implements a balancing transformation method. The complexity of implementing this method for an electric field strength sensor is associated with the creation of a comparison unit in which the measured electric field strength E0 and the compensation field strength Ek are compared. The theoretical foundations substantiate the feasibility of constructing a comparison unit. The comparison unit is a structurally formed electric capacitor whose internal dielectric has a permittivity of ε. Using the principle of field superposition, this work examines the physical processes occurring in the dielectric of an electric capacitor. It is shown that the measured field E0 and the compensation field Ek act in the same straight line and are oppositely directed. This allows for the creation of an ideal comparison unit. To ensure that the sensor introduces predictable and mathematically processable distortions into the electric field, it is proposed to implement a spherical sensor body and its sensitive electrodes in the form of spherical segments. It is proposed to implement a compensation-type sensor as a double, single-component device containing two diametrically opposed sensitive elements that are part of two electric capacitors that serve as comparison units. For the first time, an expression has been obtained for calculating the capacitance of an electric capacitor with sensitive elements in the form of spherical segments. A compensation-type measuring circuit for a double, single- component sensor using the proposed comparison units is proposed. Transformation equations for the sensor and the measuring circuit are obtained, relating the measured electric field strength E0 to the output voltage of the measuring circuit Uout. The main and additional errors of the compensation-type electric field strength sensor are identified. The new knowledge obtained in this work can form the basis for the development of compensating electric field strength sensors.