The honeysuckle varieties phenological development features under the Bashkortostan Cis-Urals conditions

The purpose of research is to study the timing of the onset of phenological phases and assess the adaptive abilities of the studied honeysuckle varieties to changing weather conditions in the Cis-Urals of Bashkortostan. The results of studying the phenological phases of 12 varieties of honeysuckle of different origin are presented. The study was carried out in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Cis-Urals of Bashkortostan during the growing seasons of 2017-2021 at the Kushnarenkovskiy breeding center of the Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture of Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It has been established that the timing and duration of the passage of the phenological phases of honeysuckle are significantly affected by weather conditions. The studied varieties begin vegetation in the second decade of April at an average daily temperature of +2.8...3.5 °C. On average, honeysuckle bloomed in the first decade of May (May 6 (early and medium varieties) and May 9 (late varieties)). The period from the beginning of vegetation to the beginning of flowering of honeysuckle was 19 days for early and medium varieties and 22 days for late varieties. The average date of the beginning of the ripening of honeysuckle berries in the conditions of the republic is 6 (early and middle varieties) - 9 (late varieties) of June. The end of the growing season was noted in the second decade of October. Over the years of study, the sum of positive temperatures for the beginning of the growing season was 34.6 °C. The sum of effective temperatures required for the onset of the phenological phase "beginning of flowering" is 208.1 °C. For the onset of the “beginning of ripening” phase, 648 °C is required for early and medium varieties and 675 °C for late-ripening varieties. During the study period, secondary flowering was observed on the varieties Goluboe Vereteno, Bakcharskaya and Berel. The vegetation period of honeysuckle was 175 days, which indicates the maximum use of the thermal resources of the Cis-Urals of the Republic of Bashkortostan and undemanding to heat accumulation for the main phases of the vegetation of honeysuckle varieties.