Grain sorghum high productivity formation features under Donbass changing climate conditions

According to the Lugansk Center for Hydrometeorology, over the past 12 years (2008-2019), the average annual sum of active temperatures (≥10 °C) exceeded the norm by 350 °C, the air temperature increased by 1.0 °C, and the amount of precipitation decreased by 53 mm. An urgent task in the conditions of increasing aridity of the climate is to increase the sowing area of a super-drought-resistant, heat-resistant and high-yielding crop - grain sorghum. The purpose of research is to establish the influence of the methods of basic tillage and mineral fertilizers on the yield of the modern hybrid of grain sorghum Sprint W. Field experiments were carried out in 2018-2020 on the basis of the experimental field of the Lugansk National Agrarian University in typical soil and climatic conditions. It has been established that the most expedient way of the main cultivation of the soil for cultivation is deep moldboard plowing with a PLN-5-35 plow at 25-27 cm. This ensures a greater accumulation of productive moisture by spring (by 7.4-7.0 %), a decrease in weed infestation (by 46.3-39.3 %) and weed mass (by 34.3-35.2 %), more high grain yield (by 0.53-0.63 t/ha) due to an increase in the amount (by 14.5-20.1 %) and weight of grain per panicle (by 18.4-23.0 %) in comparison with shallow main tillage with disc implements UDA-2.4 by 12-14 сm. Application of mineral fertilizers (N60P40) increased the crop yield with shallow main tillage by an average of 1.10 t/ha (23.8 %), and in the background moldboard plowing - by 1.00 t/ha (19.0 %). Against the background of moldboard plowing, fertilizers ensured the maximum yield in the experiment (6.25 t/ha) due to an increase in the mass of grain from the panicle by 6.4 g (15.5 %) and the mass of 1000 grains by 2.4 g (14.4 %) versus uncomfortable controls.