Features of the accumulation of spring wheat residues in state variety sites of the Krasnoyarsk region

The aim of this work is to study the influence of different varieties of spring wheat on the balance of plant residues in the soil of state variety plots of the Krasnoyarsk Region. In 2017-2019, the yield of spring wheat was influenced by weather conditions, soil fertility, their supply with mobile nutrients, the level of fertilization and varietal characteristics of spring wheat plants. The highest yield (3.35-3.40 t/ha) was obtained in the varieties Svirel, Predgornaya, Start and Kuraginskaya 2. The flow of plant residues of spring wheat into chernozems depends on its yield. The largest amount of plant residues returns to the soil at the Uyarskiy, Sukhobuzimskiy, Uzhurskiy variety plots and the least at the Karatuzskiy, Sayanskiy and Kazachinskiy. On average, at eleven cultivar plots of the Region, after harvesting spring wheat, from 5.42 to 10.49 t/ha of plant residues enter the soil. Among the different varieties, according to the intensity of the entry of plant residues into the soil, such as Predgornaya, Svirel, Start and Kuraginskaya 2 stand out. When plowing plant residues of spring wheat, from 2.72 to 5.30 t/ha are introduced into the soil in terms of manure. On average, at the cultivar plots of the Region, when plowing all plant residues of spring wheat for fertilization, 3.86 t/ha in terms of manure is supplied to the soil. The full use of plant residues of spring wheat as organic fertilizers reduces the deficit humus balance in arable soils by 71.5 %. After mineralization of plant residues of spring wheat, from 13.6 to 26.5 kg/ha of nitrogen, 6.8-13.2 kg/ha of phosphorus and 16.3-31.8 kg/ha of potassium are introduced into the soil. In intensive varieties of spring wheat, the amount of nutrients entering the soil increases by 1.2 times. With the yields of different varieties of spring wheat, 194.5 to 253.7 kg/ha of nutrients are removed from the soil.