Peculiarities of the once and duration of the flowering phenophase in sour cherry variaties of different years of planting in the conditions of the Orel region

This article presents the results of long-term studies of the peculiarities of the phenological phase of flowering in different varieties and forms of the sour cherry. Flowering is one of the most important phenological phases in all fruit crops and sour cherry in particular, and the final yield of varieties depends on it heavily. The studies were carried out within three years, from 2018 to 2020. The objects of the study were 12 variaties and forms of sour cherry of 2011 planting and 9 variaties of sour cherry of 2015 planting, divided into group 1 and group 2 respectively. All the studied varieties were bred on the basis of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crops Breeding, with the exception of the introduced variaties Griot Ostgeimsky and Umanskaya Skorospelka. The distance between the trees was 5x2 m for plants of group 1 and 5x3 m for plants of group 2. The timing of the onset and end of flowering was determined visually during the observations carried out every two days in April-May. On the basis of the information received, the peculiarities of flowering of a particular variety or shape of sour cherry were determined. As a result, it was found out that most of the studied varieties began and finished flowering at approximately the same period. The exceptions were the varieties Konkurentka and Prevoskhodnaya Venyaminovoy, which were identified as early ones, and form 84595, which was identified as a late one. The analysis of variance showed that temperature conditions of the year have a greater influence on the phenological phase of flowering in comparison with the characteristics of the genotype.