The peculiarities of socialization process of a Russian peasant woman in post-reform European Russia in the second half of the XIXth - beginning of the XXth centuries

The article deals with the processes of socialization of a Russian peasant woman, which is an important part of gender mainstreaming. The process of socialization lead to an active social and cultural assimilation of experience (social norms, values, behavior patterns, customs, traditions, believes), which is the basis of everyday life. In these processes the reproduction of peasant society has occurred both biologically and in the social aspect. In peasant society during girl's puberty a preparation for marriage was dominated. However, the processes of socialization were continued even after marriage, as acquiring socio-cultural experiences correlated with age, property and other stratification. Marriage of a peasant woman did not mean transition to a clearly and unambiguously defined state, it allowed vertical and horizontal variations. The vertical variability was made conditional on property and, consequently, social stratification. Along with the traditional peasant family, attention is given to the change in the status of women associated with the modernization of the country, which affected all aspects of life of the peasant society. Men's seasonal work contributed to greater economic role of women, which stimulated the birth of new self-awareness, self-affirmation promoted by women. Performance of all domestic work (including male's one) in the absence of their husbands, who were earning money, made the society reconsider the women's status in the new capacity.