Peculiarities of breeding and improvement of technology of blanking of winter triticale in the Middle Volga region

The results of research on the selection of winter triticale and the improvement of cultivation technology are presented. During the years of breeding (1997-2017) in the arid conditions in the Middle Volga region, the material is resistant to abiotic and biotic factors. The schemes and methods of selection adapted to the conditions of the steppe Volga region are developed. Samples of triticale are not affected by stem and brown rust. The influence of weather conditions on yield and elements of its components was studied. A new original source material has been received and a new grade of winter triticale Capella has been submitted for state testing. Studies on the effectiveness of fertilizers have shown that it is most expedient to use the winter triticale Ustinya and the high-grade variety of winter wheat Bezenchuk 380 for the green mass. When using fertilizers, their start-up application is economically effective, providing an increase in the level of profitability by 11.6-27.8% compared to more high doses of fertilizers. When cultivated on grain in anomalous, climatic conditions, in 2009-2011, an increase in the efficiency of winter triticale cultivation was found in comparison with wheat. With insufficient moisture, the application of fertilizers increased the yield of grain by 10.2-20.2%. The correlation analysis of the relationship between the yield of the green mass of the winter triticale Krokh with its quality and structural elements revealed high and medium-level connections with plant height (r = 0.60-0.85), productive bushiness (r = 0.60-0.82) and the mass of grain from the ear (r = 0.57-0.85). The revealed correlation of the productivity of the ear with the productivity of grain-haylage indicates that the variability of the mass of grain from the ear is due to the degree of development of plants at the time of flowering.