Phenology and fruitification features of northern red currant (Ribes triste Pall.) a Russian north-east little-known edible berry

Phenology and yield variations of Northern Red Currant (Ribes triste Pall.) were studied in the west of the Magadan Region in the Upper Kolyma area. The purpose of research is to assess the dynamics of the dates of the onset of the phenological phases of red currant for the period 2015–2020 and identification of climatic factors influencing fluctuations in fruit yields (1992–2020). The tasks are to generalize phenological observation data on populations of red currant and analyze the dependence of the dynamics of fruit yield and adaptive capabilities of the crop on meteorological indicators and habitat conditions. Phenological observations have been carried out since 2015 to the present; the yield was assessed visually according to the Capper-Formozov scale (1992–2020). Meteorological observations at the field station IBPS FEB RAS have been conducted since 1992. The annual cycle of red currant (14 phenophases) and the peculiarities of the passage of individual stages are described. During 2015–2020 there were changes in the course of seasonal development of currants associated with climatic indicators of the growing sea-son. There is a tendency for an earlier onset of bud opening and the beginning of leaf opening, which is consistent with an increase in the sum of average daily temperatures above 5 °C in the second decade of May. For the period 2007–2020 a significant decrease in the yield of currants was noted, which is associated with an increase in the frequency of frosts below -3.5 °C during the flowering period and the number of cases of catastrophic floods on the river Kolyma. The red currant is distinguished by valuable nutritional properties, high adaptability, and can be cultivated in the northern regions of Russia.