Features of establishment of tourism clusters in Russia (experience of Vologda region)

Starting 2014, in Russian Federation a number of factors had affected the structure of the tourist market: reducing the growth of outbound tourism and boosting domestic tourism flows, among them is the devaluation of the ruble against the major world currencies. Establishment of tourism clusters considered as strategic direction of development of domestic tourism in the Russian Federation. The interpretation of very concept of tourism cluster and the process of cluster formation in tourism Russia are of great originality. Currently, the country is implementing two models of cluster establishment in tourism. The first one is infrastructure model. It is implemented by the Federal Agency for Tourism in the framework of the federal target program «Development of domestic tourism in the Russian Federation (2011-2018 years).» The cluster is treated as a consolidated investment project, which includes a number of func- tional, organizational, financial and related projects on individual objects of capital construction in the tourism sector. The second model is synergetic. It is implemented by the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation through regional centers of cluster development programs to support small and medium-sized businesses. In this case, regional tourism cluster is defined as a concentration and interaction of companies and organizations involved in the development, production, promotion and marketing of the tourism product and activities adjacent to the tourism and recreational services. Practical realization and some features of the two models disclosed in the article on the example of tourism cluster of Vologda region. The study based on descriptive and analytical methods. Scientific observation and collection of primary data are the main methods of the field phase of the study. As well as, passive surveillance supplemented by an informal in-depth interviews. Collected during the fieldwork information was processed statisti- cally and theoretically generalized.