Features of the structural organization and intertissue interactions of the maxillary sinus anterior wall mucous membrane and its periosteum

Studying the structure of the mucoperiosteum of the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus is of great clinical importance for otolaryngologists, dentists and maxillofacial surgeons. From clinical practice, it is well known about the frequent trauma of the muperiosteum and its weak regenerative potential, but there is no understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying them. This is explained by the lack of complete information about the structural organization of the periosteum from the side of the maxillary sinus and the presence of connections in the composition between the mucous membrane and the periosteal structure. Purpose of the study: to identify the features of the structural organization and intertissue interactions of the mucoperiosteum of the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus. The study analyzed tissue samples from 10 male patients of the second middle age, 38-56 years old, who underwent surgery to remove foreign bodies from the maxillary sinuses using access through the oral cavity. Fragments of the mucous membrane (Schneider's membrane) were taken from the inner surface of the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus. A histological examination of preparations with hematoxylin and eosin and Van Gieson stains was carried out, and their general morphometry was performed. As a result of the study, it was established that the periosteum of Schneider's membrane lacks the inner layer and blood vessels. It is a thin single bundle of collagen fibers, which in some areas is connected through perpendicular collagen fibers to the lamina propria of the mucous membrane. Based on its location in the bone, functional features, and structural features, the periosteum of the Schneiderian membrane can be regarded as a tissue version of the endosteum. A study of the mucoperiosteum of the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus showed that it consists of a layer of respiratory epithelium and a layer of loose fibrous connective tissue; the boundary of this membrane is a single horizontal plate of a compacted bundle of collagen fibers adjacent to the bone. The presence of sections of cross-links between the lamina propria of the mucous membrane and the horizontal compacted bundle of collagen fibers allows us to consider them a single structural and functional complex.