Features of technology of cultivation of sugar sorghum on leached chernozem of forest-steppe of the Volga region

During the growing season of agricultural crops, the temperature is significantly higher than the average annual values, and precipitation in the summer is rapidly decreasing. Vegetation conditions adversely affect the formation of the harvest of traditional forage crops of the forest-steppe of The middle Volga region. For this reason, practitioners and scientists are paying increasing attention to the introduction of new crops that are easy to tolerate drought and dryness and are not demanding on humidification conditions. One of the promising areas for risky crop farming is sugar sorghum. The research of the Tatar research Institute of agriculture and manufacturing experience of number of farms of Zakamye of the Republic of Tatarstan talking about possible prospects of cultivation of sorghum in the area. Therefore, among the issues under study, along with a comparison with common silage crops and the identification of the best varieties, we have included the necessary issues of cultivation technology - standards, methods of sowing, and also made an attempt to find approaches to the establishment of fertilizer standards for the planned yields of sugar sorghum. The article presents the results of the study of the Volzhskoe 51 variety, norms and methods of their sowing on leached Chernozem. When calculating the shoots, it was revealed that they mainly corresponded to a given seeding rate, of course, adjusted for field germination, which was within the range of 70,6-90.8 %. The higher the seeding rate, the greater the percentage of field germination, as rare crops more suppressed weeds. With a wide-row method of sowing, the field germination was slightly higher than with a continuous one, especially with a seeding rate of 200 thousand PCs./ha. The highest yield for 3 years (47.5 t/ha) was obtained with continuous sowing with a seeding rate of 500 thousand pieces, and with a wide - row-50.7 t / ha with sowing of 300 thousand pieces of seeds. Most (912 kg/ha) yield of fodder units for 2014-2016 with the continuous method of sowing obtained at the seeding rate of 500 thousand pieces/ha, while in wide method - 300 thousand PCs./ha. the Collection of protein per 1 ha was respectively 647 and 753 kg/ha. Maximum (11,88-11,96 %) the crude protein content observed in the phase of its emergence at a sowing rate of 300 thousand PCs./ha. With a further increase of seeding rates it decreased. The fat content of the variants varied slightly (from 3.50 to 3.69 %). It was revealed that with the increase of seeding rate, the content of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and ash in the green mass decreased slightly.