Features of water penetration of the top layer of black soil in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia

The yield of cereals in the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia is largely determined by favorable water resources. The climatic conditions of the region are quite strict. The frost-free period is 110-130 days, annual precipitation is 300-370 mm, including 160-210 mm during the vegetation period, the wetting factor does not exceed 0.60. Water consumption per 1 ton of grain is in the region up to 160-180 mm. Water permeability of chernozem largely determines the moistening of the soil, summer and non-vegetation precipitation, spring runoff and, in general, the water regime of the agrolandscape. Water permeability is strongly influenced by the agrophysical properties of the upper layer of chernozem soils. With increasing density and moistening, including field penetration, the volume of free pore space decreases substantially, which is the main reason for the decrease in the permeability of frozen soil and the increase in the surface runoff of meltwater. The water absorption of the soil in the frozen state is significantly different from the thawed, taken as a control, the difference being higher with a higher moisture content of the soil profile. The most economical consumption of moisture during the vegetation period was noted against a background of complex application of intensification means, with a grain yield of up to 3 tons/ha and more. In this version, the coefficient of water consumption per 1 ton of grain against the background of zero treatment with additional application of glyphosate was 84.6 mm during the years of research, while PH-4,0 soil treatment (1 time per rotation rotation) was only 76.8 mm/t Grain, or 9.2 % more economical. In the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia, the permeability of chernozem soils and the assimilation of non-vegetation sediments is determined by compaction, processing techniques, and the level of autumn moistening of the upper layer. Reduction of water permeability and an increase in the flow of thaw water the more, the more it is moistened, the denser its addition, the higher the non-capillary porosity, especially in the dissected terrain. Autumn productive moisture-passes determine the yield of grain to an average of 26 %.