Features rice cultivation as a promising crop for Amur region

Rice plays an important role in the modern food balance of Russia. By sowing areas, yields, and gross yield among all crops, it holds a leading position. The aim of the research is to develop optimal water regimes of rice irrigation to ensure effective cultivation in the southern zone of the Amur region. When performing experiments we used the system approach and modern research methods. The article presents research results of rice cultivation under different irrigation regimes since 2005. In the southern zone of the Amur region along with water regimes 70, 80, 90% of the smallest moisture capacity was studied by differential irrigation regimes of rice that combines the differentiation of pre-irrigation threshold moisture and depth of active drenching soil at 0.4 and 0.6 m. Also studied different modes of flooding rice fields with a water layer (shortened and intermittent flooding), seeding rate, sowing dates, and varieties of rice. The characteristic of meteorological parameters on the territory of the tests performed. For getting grain yield of rice more than 4 t/ha is provided by the introduction of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N120P30K30 and a seeding rate of 5 million viable seeds. The optimum sowing time was set from 20 to 25 may. The results of studies due to optimization of irrigation regimes of rice in irrigation, through the differentiation of pre-irrigation threshold moisture and depths drenching contributed to irrigation water saving and increase in yield. Under rice cultivation in the conditions of flooding, it was established that the optimal mode is considered the shorter and intermittent flooding type IV.