Paleovegetation and paleogeography of Volgaupland central area in the Holocene

Introduction. Modern vegetation of the area is so heavily modified that in the literature there is still no consensus on its evaluation. Evolution of vegetation during the Holocene, until recently, has been studied very little.Цель работы Восстановление динамики растительного покрова за последние 11 000 лет. Materials and methods. Studied sections of Holocene sediments 52 bogs. Applying the principle of using the complex conjugate of methods: field study, spore and pollen analysis of Holocene sediments, radiocarbon dating, extrapolation method, geomorphological method and technique of restoration of paleoclimate.Results of the study. Restored history of vegetation, soil and climate in the Holocene. The basic stages of successional forest communities: AL/DR-3, DR-3: sparse scrubby spruce and birch → PB: parse pine forests and steppe → ВО-1: real pine and birch-pine with green moss → ВО-2: widespread flowering of pine forests → АТ-1: pine-birch, and birch forests; the emergence of broad-leaved trees → АТ-2, АТ/SB: flourishing pine-broadleaf, deciduous forests → SB-1: pine and birch-leaved, pine-birch and birch (with green moss, rejoice) → SB-2: the expansion of pine and sunset of pine-deciduous → SA-1: reduction of forest area; the emergence of the secondary: pine, birch, oak forests, lime-tree, aspen → SA-2, SA-3: domination of secondary pine, deciduous, small-leaved and mixed forests.Conclusion. territory vegetation changed as follows: steppe (11000-9500 BP) → forest steppe (9500- 8000 BP) → Forest (8000-2500 BP) → forest steppe (2500 - present).The findings should be taken into account in the phyto-geographical and geobotanical zoning of the territory of Russia.