Perspective grades of winter and summer spiked cereals under the conditions of the bioclimatic capacity of the Kaluga region

In order to obtain the highest possible and stable yield of high quality grain, it is essential to select the right variety, which should have a high resistance to diseases and pests and the ability to make maximum use of the bioclimatic potential of the region in the implementation of genetic potential through the effective use of soil nutrients and fertilizers. In this regard, the following indicators should be taken into consideration as the most important criteria for evaluating new varieties: adaptability, stable yields and high quality products, since the external environment has a significant impact on the growth regime of plants, and the interaction of "genotype-environment" requires research. The article presents the results of three-year studies on ecological testing of cereal crops in order to determine the most adaptive varieties for cultivation on gray forest soils in the Kaluga region. 66 varieties of domestic and foreign selection were studied, including: winter wheat - 7, spring wheat - 10, winter triticale - 11, winter rye - 5, spring oats - 10, spring barley - 23. Winter wheat - 2, winter triticale - 3, winter rye - 1, spring wheat - 3, spring barley - 2, oats - 2 are identified as the most promising varieties for cultivation in the Kaluga region. The most promising varieties of winter wheat were Gileya and Isctar, 50.0 and 50.1 c/ha, respectively. The greatest yield of winter triticale differ varieties Timiryazevskaya 150, Topaz and Dynamo, respectively 61.0; 63.5 and 48.4 c/ha. Of the studied varieties of winter rye have the highest yield varieties of KWS Livado - 55.0 c/ha. Promising varieties of spring wheat yield are allocated to the KWS 655-310 - 44.5 c/ha, Calixa - 43.0 c/ha and ShTRU 112231-1 - 40.5 c/ha. The most promising for yield were the varieties of spring barley Tango - 50.0 c/ha and a standing Ovation - 46.0 c/ha. Promising cultivars of oat are Freestyle 49.0 c/ha and KP 37-15 - 48.6 c/ha.