Sunflower and soybean - perspective introduced oil crops for Western Siberia

Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) and soybean ( Glycine max L. Merrill) are unmatched in their importance as food and fodder high-oil crops of global importance. Being short-day plants, they slow down their development as they move to the north. The success of their acclimatization in the West Siberian region is impossible without a correctly selected genotype. It took decades of meticulous breeding work at the Siberian Experimental Station, a branch of the All-Russian Scientific and Research Institute of Oil Crops and the Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center, to create fast-growing productive varieties of sunflower and soybeans that stably ripen in the conditions of the Omsk Region. The creation of new genotypes of these crops, combining high seed productivity with a shortened growing season, is one of the main tasks of Siberian breeders. The studies were carried out in 2017-2020. in the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. The objects of the research are the varieties of sunflower and soybeans of Siberian selection. Sunflower was studied in the laboratory of sunflower selection, seed production and agricultural technology of the Siberian Experimental Station (Omsk Region, Isilkul) in a 5-full grain-fallow crop rotation, the predecessor is black fallow. Soybean was studied in the laboratory of selection of leguminous crops of the Omsk ASC (Omsk) in a 4-field grain-fallow crop rotation, the predecessor is winter wheat for grain. Testing, observations and counts were carried out in accordance with the methodology for competitive variety testing. The considered set of sunflower and soybean varieties turned out to be well adapted to the conditions of Siberia. It is evidenced by their growing season (86-106 days for sunflower and 90-109 days for soybeans), seed yield (on average for sunflower varieties 2.69-3.52 t/ha and for soybean 2.78-3.37 t/ha) and parameters of ecological plasticity. Currently, new varieties of sunflower (Yubilyar) and soybean (Sibiriada 20), which were also recommended for Western Siberia are undergoing the State variety testing of the Russian Federation.