Indicators of mineral density of bone tissue of men 13-35 years old in conditions of stressed muscular activity

Mineral density of bone tissue is one of the markers of the regulation of the process of adaptation of the body to the conditions of high-performance sports. The study of the mineral density of the bones of the distal part of the lower extremity by the methods of X-ray and ultrasound densitometry revealed the coincidence of the indicators of the mineralization of the heel bone, however, for people involved in sports, these methods give contradictory results. The aim of the study is to comparatively study the variability of the indicators of the mineral density of bone tissue in conditions of adaptation to different types of sports activities, age-related characteristics of bone mineralization in adolescents who are and do not go in for sports using the methods of ultrasound and X-ray densitometry. The method of ultrasonic densitometry obtained data on bone mineral density in 586 athletes of various sports specializations. The use of linear reference X-ray densitometry made it possible to investigate the mineral density of the second metatarsal bone and calcaneus in 128 adolescents 13-17 years old, practicing pole vaulting, and 112 adolescents who are not involved in sports. It was found that in the pubertal period the mineral density of the second metatarsal bone and the calcaneus both in adolescents of the control group and in pole vaulters decreases towards the end of the pubertal period, an increase in mineral density is noted. When performing pole vaults, athletes' feet are exposed to the influence of excessive shock and push loads, in this regard, the indices of the mineralization of the second metatarsal bone and heel bone in pole vaulters exceed those in adolescents in the control group. The mineral density of the second metatarsal bone and heel bone at the age of 14 in adolescents in the control group and pole vaulters decreases. At the age of 15 to 16-17 years, the mineral density of these bones increases and stabilizes in all examined. The indices of the mineral density of the II metatarsal and heel bones in pole vaulters, experiencing a greater load during push-off, are higher than in adolescents in the control group of the same age. The greatest amount of mineral density of the second metatarsal bone was found in the most loaded pushing leg among athletes, as compared to the swing leg, with a work experience of 2-3 years and 4-5 years.