DGAT1 gene polymorphism in the population of red steppe cows in the Omsk region

The basis for increasing the efficiency of dairy cattle breeding and, as a consequence, increasing milk production is the genetic improvement of bred dairy cattle. The relevance of the research problem is due to the efficiency of breeding work with dairy cattle, the improvement of which can be expected with the use of a complex of zootechnical and biotechnological techniques. The aim of the research is to identify the polymorphism of the DGAT1 gene in cows of the breeding group for dairy productivity. Genotyping of cows was carried out in 4 enterprises of the Omsk region. The number of animals in the selected group was 200 heads. According to the DGAT1 gene, the frequency range of heterozygotes was from 0.28 to 0.57. In commodity enterprises, the frequency of homozygous genotype AA was 0.16, and in enterprises breeding animals, the frequency of occurrence of the genotype was 0.08. The desired genotype was more frequent in breeding animals and was 0.82. The level of expected heterozygosity (He) for the DGAT1 gene in animals of the red steppe breeds had a significant range of values from 0.30 to 0.49. The analysis carried out to assess the polymorphism of the DGAT1 gene in cattle in the Omsk region showed that majority of animals that can transmit to the next generation the necessary breeding qualities of productivity associated with a low proportion of milk fat are breeding cows of the red steppe breed of the Omsk region. The selection of individuals with the desired genotype in order to obtain offspring with specified qualities will accelerate the pace of breeding progress in dairy cattle breeding in the Omsk region.