Political rehabilitation of the Cossacks: stages of reconstruction of civil rights and incorporation of the Cossacks into the Soviet system under the new economic policy of the 1920s

In the mid.1920s. a peculiar, contradictory attempt was made to rehabilitate the Cossacks - to create a system of interdependent actions focused on the formation of Soviet civil rights of Cossacks. The stages of the Soviet rehabilitation process in relation to the Cossacks are highlighted. Stage 1 - amnesties in the early 1920s and the re-emigration of ordinary White Cossacks. 2nd stage (1924-1926) - the course "facing the Cossacks", the construction of the Soviet civil rights of loyal Cossacks in 1924-1926. The role of N.I. Bukharin, G.Ya. Sokolnikov, S.I. Syrtsov, A.I. Mikoyan in initiating and preparing a new course. The process of discussing decisions on the Cossack issue at a number of party meetings and at a meeting of the Bolshevik quasi-parliament - the Plenum of the Central Committee of the RCP(b) in 1925 is traced. The state significance of the innovative decision of the Plenum on the incorporation of the Cossacks into the Soviet system is revealed. The semi-recognition of the Cossacks by the ethnic group was noted. The 3rd stage (1927-1935) was the curtailment of the course of the April 1925 plenum, the growth of contradictions during the implementation of the new Cossack policy. Deployment during the dekulakization of repressions of representatives of the Cossacks. Stage 4 (1936-1945) - partial return to the course of the April plenum of 1925. The article by B.P. Sheboldaev and the editorial of the newspaper "Pravda" about the completion of Sovietization and collective farming of the Cossacks. The 1936 decision to remove restrictions on service in the Red Army from the Cossacks. Continuation of repressions of representatives of the Cossacks during the "great terror" in 1937-1938. Active participation of the Cossacks in the Great Patriotic War. The final stage is the anti-communist political and legal rehabilitation of the Cossacks by the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR on 16.07.1991.