Political ideologies and physical researches in the first half of the 20th century

Proper relations between science community and society rest on the clear distinction between those aspects of science, which society may control, and those ones, which cannot be under control of society. Society is able to formulate the goals of science cognition and to define the social functions of science. History of science in the USSR shows two ways how ideology influences physical research. Ideological notions of the goals determine the social functions of science and direct the scientists to solution of socially important problems. These notions stimulate the growth of scientific knowledge. Ideological notions of the methods suppose intervention in the process of science cognition. These notions exert a negative effect on science.