Obtaining and rational use of Holstein cows with record milk productivity in the breeding farms of the Bryansk region

The article presents materials on the production, cultivation and use of highly productive Holstein cows in breeding farms of the Bryansk region. To solve this problem, a scientific and practical database of primary zootechnical production and breeding records for highly productive Holstein cows from the 1st to the 6th lactation inclusive was formed. The purpose of the research was to determine the methods of obtaining record cows, analysis of their milk productivity, changes in live weight over the course of lactation. The research involved data on 849 cows for 2649 lactation. Statistical materials are processed biometrically. The growth of the number of record cows is shown, 2-3 times higher than the average milk yield for the herd. The optimal proportion of highly productive cows in breeding farms was determined at the level from 0.75-2.5% to 4.0-5.0%. Such cows are the basis for the formation of a bull-producing group in the breeding farm. They are the reference units for breeding herds. In 2022, due to the receipt and distribution of highly productive cows, 9081 kg of milk were received in breeding plants, and in the leading breeding producer NIVA LLC, the average milk yield of 1800 cows was 10548 kg of milk. The number of cows in the region with a milk yield of 10,000 kg of milk and above has increased from 2016 to 2022 by almost 24 times and amounted to 2,268 heads. In 82.6% of cases, record cows were obtained using cross-lines. The average live weight of such cows was 783 kg for the 3rd lactation and older in NIVA LLC. The use of highly productive cows ensures the progress of breeding herds in increasing their milk productivity.