The concept of an optional obligation in the history of civil science

Design an optional obligation allows the debtor to be free from obligations by providing the lender replacement, which significantly reduces the risk of liability for the debtor for failure to perform or improper performance of obligations. However, the optional obligations applicable civil law completely. These circumstances testify to the importance of research of this civil-legal construction. The lack of comprehensive legislation optional obligations in the civil legislation of the Russian Federation is largely due to the weak theoretical development of the given kind of obligations. Can't create proper theoretical framework of the pre-revolutionary civil, and a few articles by contemporary scholars. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that the optional obligation is independent civil-legal category. The revealed characteristics of an optional obligation allow to formulate a doctrinal definition of an optional obligation. Optional is the obligation of possessing certain basic subject of execution and is characterized by the fact that its content is complicated by the debtor's right to make a replacement for performance of the principal subject of the obligation. The author proposes to enshrine in the civil law legal definition of an optional obligation: a facultative obligation for which the debtor is given the right to substitute other basic version (optional) performance under the terms of the obligation.