Sowing unit as an object of functioning

The article presents the results of the analysis of existing sowing machines that can have different components, layout schemes and be equipped with different types and kinds of working bodies. The issues of functioning of the sowing unit as an object design and creation are considered. There have been shown the components of the life cycle of the sowing unit. The scheme of operation of the sowing unit as a system consisting of interconnected subsystems is proposed: sowing unit (SU), mechanical and technological (MT) and mechanics of media (MM). This approach made it possible to identify the boundaries of the existence of the sowing unit (SU), where the source tractor (T) transmits the converted energy of the engine (S) to the sowing machine (SM) through transmitting devices to the performing technical means. The converted energy is spent not only on moving the sowing machine along the field surface, but also on performing technological operations of sowing seeds, applying mineral fertilizers and cultivating the soil. The operating conditions of the created sowing machine are determined by the input and output parameters. The operation of the sowing unit is based on the process of interaction of technical means with media, thereby implementing the technologies of soil cultivation, seed sowing and application of mineral fertilizers. The criteria for assessing media are their physical and mechanical properties, which form the basis of the subsystem of the mechanics of media. The use of the methodology of structural analysis made it possible to identify and establish the factors that influence the technological process of crop cultivation. Particular attention in the subsystem of the mechanics of media is paid to the soil as an object of soil cultivation. Thus, highlighting the process of deformation and destruction of the soil, which are assessed by strength characteristics (SC) and stress and strain state (SSS). The conditions for the formation of destruction surfaces (soil crumbling) are shown. It is the use of the control device (UD) that sets the operating modes of technical means (U(t)), and according to agrochemical (ACSM), agrotechnical (ATT) requirements, the output indicators are formed. The efficiency of the functioning of the sowing unit can be assessed by the yield of the cultivated crop.