Potential for the study of inferences as logical and linguistic universals

Th e object of the study is inference as a logical-linguistic universal, which is realized in the form of deductive, inductive and conductive reasoning. Th e study is aimed at analyzing their structure, functioning and distribution in the Russian and Chinese languages. Th e subject of the study is logical and linguistic mechanisms of formation and expression of inferences in language. Th e main conclusion of the work is that inference is a universal phenomenon in both Russian and Chinese. To substantiate this conclusion, the author analyzes examples of reasoning in the modes of inductive, deductive and conductive argumentation in the linguistic contexts of the Russian and Chinese languages and generalizes the logical structure, including the reasoning scheme. Based on the interpretation of examples of inference in Russian and Chinese, it was established that the logical structure of inference in both languages, Chinese and Russian, has common principles based on fundamental laws. Diff erential markers of language constructions in which diff erent types of inferences are realized are presented.