The increase of the efficiency of bare and siderate fallow in the forest-steppe and steppe areas of Siberia

The research objective was to study the ways of decreas-ing the level of productivity dependence of wheat on siderate fallows from spring-summer rainfall application of the complex of agrotechnical methods directed on the increase of moisture accumulative functions of siderate fallows. Generalizing re-sults of the assessment of the efficiency of various agrotechnical methods of increasing moisture accumulative function of bare and siderate fallows on the chernozyoms of Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe including the terms and depth of plowing of siderate, tillage of the wings and prewinter crevice of the soil were presented. The researches were conducted in field experiments stationary of the training farm "Minderlinskoye" of Krasnoyarsk SAU on lixivious medium heavy loamy chernozyom of Sukhobuzimsky area of Krasno-yarsk Region. The determination of the humidity of the soil was carried out by thermostat-weight method. In field condi-tions the platform typical for this site was allocated, and by means of special soil drill soil tests in metal glasses (bucks) layer-by-layer through each 10 cm up to the depth of 1 m were selected. The soil was dried 6-8 hours at the tempera-ture of 105 0C up to the constant weight, general reserves of moisture and productive moisture (mm) were counted. As the result of research it was found out that June terms of plowing of the clover were more preferable than plowing of its after-math in August as in this case there was the increase in re-serves of available moisture in meter layer to leaving of fal-lows in winter on 46-66 mm promoting the increase of productivity of wheat on 0.42 t/hectare. The expediency of superficial seal of biomass of the clover to the soil was shown as in the conditions of droughty, and moderately damp vege-tative periods, providing on average in two years the increase in productivity of wheat by 24 %, in comparison with deep plowing of siderate. The moisture accumulative role of bare and siderate fallows sharply raised at complex application of two agrotechnical methods - crops of the wings in fallow fields and prewinter crevice of mid-wings spaces, also reliable rise of productivity of spring wheat on 3.2 and 3.7 c/hectare were presented here.