Improving energy efficiency of power system supply of the perspective space vehicles

The importance of the problems of generation and energy storage on Board of space vehicles increases very quickly. In such a case, demands on spacecraft are constantly increasing: increasing information bandwidth and active lifetime, reducing development time and manufacturing, reducing the cost of satellites. Available publications on the subject are of a survey nature, or dedicated to individual issues such as, improving the efficiency of solar panels. The system of power generation is one of the most important on Board systems of the space vehicles. Design and characteristics of the system largely determine the appearance constructive, active lifetime in orbit, functionality, reliability, weight and size and economic performance. The mass of the onboard power supply system of domestic satellites is up to 25 % by weight, volume and cost of the space vehicle. The failure of the system entails failure of the space vehicle. This article presents a brief review of modern power supply systems of the space vehicles from a position of power and reliability. The factors affecting the availability of energy consumers on Board of the spacecraft are considered. Also the state of development of lithium-ion batteries which can improve their specific characteristics, as well as the increase of cycles of charge-discharge is examined. To increase the supply of space vehicles, the proposed device, including chemical and kinetic energy storage is offered. The combined storage together with the power supply system of the satellite allows maintaining the necessary supply of onboard equipment and compensating peak consumption on Board of the satellite. The principle of operation of this storage in the mode of accumulation of energy in the mode of bestowal it into the system to consumers is described. The kinetic energy of the rotating masses with brushless motor operating in generator mode and oscillators is converted into electrical energy.