Preliminary results of breeding to increase buckwheat hybrid combinations yield with rutin high content

The purpose of the study is to obtain new populations of red-flowered red-stemmed buckwheat with a sufficiently high seed productivity and an increased yield of above-ground biomass, with a stable color of flowers and stems. The studies were carried out in 2019-2021 in a hybrid nursery on the fields of the Chishminsky breeding center for crop production of the Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture of the Ural Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan). We studied 27 combinations obtained as a result of crossing the Bashkirskaya Krasnostebelnaya variety with varieties and promising hybrid populations of its own and foreign breeding, high-yielding, resistant to lodging, grain shedding, with high technological qualities of seeds. The sowing was carried out with the SKS-6-10 seeder, the area of the plot was 1 m2, the repetition was three times. For the analysis of structural elements, 90-95 typical, well-developed plants were taken from all combinations. Plant height, number of branches, inflorescences, grains, dry plant biomass, stem color, and productivity were determined. Analysis of the obtained plants of hybrid combinations showed increased productivity, a change in the habitus of plants towards an increase in their height, the number of branches, inflorescences and grains. A more intense red, up to dark red, color of the stem and flowers, caused by the accumulation of a large amount of rutin, was noted in a dry and hot year (2021). The percentage of colored plants in the samples reaches 68-85 %, while in favorable growing conditions, the HTC of which is 1.0-1.2, there are 28-68 % of such plants. The correlation coefficients that determine the relationship between plant productivity and the number of branches of the first, second and third orders formed on them indicated a close positive relationship between them: in combinations No. 240 r = 0.82, No. 241 r = 0.88 and No. 242 r = 0.92. The determination coefficient revealed that the change in the number of grains on the plant is the result of a change in the number of branches and, accordingly, inflorescences.