Criminal violence in inducing an athlete to use doping: psychological and victimological aspects

The authors raise the question of the need to study the individual psychological characteristics of athletes using doping at the stages of sports training and during the competitive period . The use (use) of substances and methods prohibited in sports are considered from the perspective of victimological and criminological risks. The correspondence of the types of risk (“risk-control”, “risk-impromptu”, “risk-negligence”, “risk-necessity”, “risk- unavoidability”) arising in the course of the athlete’s use of doping means and methods in training and competitive activities, the types of locus of control, the level of self-esteem of the athlete, leading motives of sports activity, the principle of self-determination in conjunction with the methods and means of influencing the coach on the personality of the athlete and the orientation of the strategy of sports training. In the context of the provisions of Articles 230.1 and 230.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the methods of psychological influence on the athlete are considered. The authors conclude that further comprehensive studies of the motivational sphere of the athlete’s personality are necessary in order to level his victimological risks.